Targeted cancer therapeutics have achieved remarkable advancement in recent years. Conventional druggable targets mainly encompass G-protein coupled receptors, nuclear receptors, ion channels and various enzymes. Nevertheless, roughly 80% of human proteins are still classified as "undruggable", meaning conventional small-molecule inhibitors cannot bind these proteins effectively to generate desired therapeutic effects. Global research groups have invested tremendous efforts to upgrade traditional small-molecule drug design strategies.
Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62) is a ubiquitin binding protein involved in cell signaling, oxidative stress, and autophagy. It was first identified as a protein that binds to the SH2 domain of p56Lck (5) and independently found to interact with PKCζ. SQSTM1 was subsequently found to interact with ubiquitin, providing a scaffold for several signaling proteins and triggering degradation of proteins through the proteasome or lysosome. Interaction between SQSTM1 and TRAF6 leads to the K63-linked polyubiquitination of TRAF6 and subsequent activation of the NF-κB pathway.
As the earliest surface molecule upregulated upon lymphocyte activation, CD69 serves as a core immune regulatory factor with essential physiological functions. Accumulating research data confirms that CD69 exerts crucial regulatory effects in hematological disorders and autoimmune conditions. Nevertheless, its complete biological functions and detailed immune regulatory mechanisms remain to be further explored and validated. This article systematically elaborates on this key molecular target from multiple dimensions.
Biomedical researchers adopt diverse experimental systems for laboratory investigations, which are broadly classified into in vivo and in vitro models according to experimental locations and complete biological system integrity. Picking a matched experimental scheme is a core decision in life science and medical research, directly determining the clinical transfer value and reliability of acquired experimental data.
Proteins are fundamental biomolecules that serve as the core carriers of life activities and primary executors of diverse biological functions in living organisms. They participate in nearly all critical physiological processes, including cytoskeleton formation and maintenance, enzymatic biochemical catalysis, intracellular signal transduction, transmembrane molecular transport, as well as the regulation and activation of human immune responses.
This study establishes for the first time the LKB1‑SIK/CRTC‑NNMT‑SAM/SAH‑PRMT5 regulatory axis. It elucidates the metabolic‑epigenetic basis underlying PRMT5‑inhibitor sensitivity in LKB1‑deficient lung cancer, identifies LKB1/NNMT as novel biomarkers for PRMT5‑targeted therapy, and provides solid pre‑clinical evidence supporting the "PRMT5 inhibitor plus Navitoclax" combination regimen.
This comprehensive guide elaborates on the basic definition, core biological functions, diversified research and industrial applications of His tags. Besides, it systematically summarizes common technical obstacles encountered during the purification of His-tagged fusion proteins, as well as targeted optimization solutions for reference by scientific researchers.
This article focuses on mainstream bacterial antigen types applied in current vaccine research, elaborates their working mechanisms in immune activation, and summarizes cutting-edge technical strategies for novel vaccine antigen screening and development.
T lymphocytes serve as core functional components of the immune system, defending the human body against invasive pathogens and malignant tumor cells. Deciphering the sophisticated regulatory network governing T cell differentiation is critical to clarifying the developmental trajectory and biological functions of these immune effector cells. Starting from hematopoietic stem cell generation in bone marrow, followed by thymic maturation and antigen-triggered activation within peripheral tissues, every developmental stage of T cells features distinct shifts in surface biomarker expression and functional potency.
